Monday, December 17, 2012

Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos invasion of Egypt

Second Intermediate Period (1778-1570 BC).
Dynastic 13-17

The end of the Middle Kingdom

The end of the Middle Kingdom is largely similar to the end of the Old Kingdom, after the death of King

"Amenemhat III" weakened the authority of Pharaoh, and began the struggle between governors and replaced chaos,

The country returned to disintegration. The country fell prey in the hands of foreigners, tribes have entered

Bedouin came from West Asia, known as "Hyksos" occupied northern and central Afghanistan, and remained

Two centuries. Egyptian historian "Maniton" about the reasons for the fall of Egypt in the hands of

Hyksos: "The shepherds had taken over Egypt at ease, and achieved victory in the war,

Because the Egyptians were at that time in the revolution and disorder ... ".



 Hyksos invasion of Egypt

Who are the Hyksos? Hyksos in ancient Egyptian language meaning "the country's foreign rulers",

They Asian nomadic tribes, came from Palestine, and he called Egyptians shepherds, because they

Raped their country without the right. Infiltrated those tribes to the east of the Delta, and settled in the city

"Avaris" ("Sun Stone" near the city of Zagazig now) and taken the capital, and continued

Crept as far south as occupied city "Memphis", and Egypt Central. Meanwhile dominated

Nubians on the southern part of the country, leaving only independent part governed by princes of Thebes.



Cart introduced by the Hyksos in Egypt and has been used as a weapon compounds in the war



One of the reasons that helped Hyksos occupation of Egypt easily: turbulent conditions in

Egypt because of the chaos and weak rulers, and the superiority of the Hyksos numerical result of so many of, and skill

In martial arts, they were using horses and chariots drawn by horses,

And swords and bows long-term, a weapon was known by the Egyptians.




 Hyksos position of the Egyptians and the Egyptian position them:

 Offended Egyptian Hyksos treatment, and they burned towns and villages, without mercy, and destroyed temples,

Some residents were massacred, and forced the Egyptians to pay new taxes, and built castles

And forts. Over time, affected by the Hyksos Egyptian civilization, becoming semi Egyptians and imitated

Pharaohs in their names, costumes and traditions, and spoke the Egyptian language, and embraced the religion

Egyptians.

The ancient Egyptians did not bow to the Hyksos, and remained hate their rule, and regard them look

Contempt because they Mohm their country's independence and freedom of their homeland. And took strengthen patriotism among

Egyptians days, and resolved to expel the Hyksos and the liberation of the homeland.

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